The Additional Modes and Scales do not belong to any particular key signature. All the preceding modes were divided by seven and have seven notes per scale. The Diminished and Auxiliary Diminished scales have eight notes and the Whole Tone scale has only six notes.
When you play a C Diminished scale: C, D, Eb, F, Gb, G#, A, B, you're playing the same notes as an Eb Diminished Scale: Eb, F, Gb, G#, A, B, C, D, and the same notes as a Gb Diminished Scale: Gb, G#, A, B, C, D, Eb, F, and the same notes as an A Diminished Scale: A, B, C, D, Eb, F, Gb, G#.
To summarize, C Dminished, Eb Diminished, Gb Diminished and A Dminished all have the same notes. We could say that these four scales are in the same sort of "key." Twelve tones divided by four equals three, there are basically only three Diminished Scales. Note that this is the same for the Auxiliary Diminished Scale.
For the Whole Tone Scale is it even simpler:
C Whole Tone: C, D, E, F#, G#, Bb
D Whole Tone: D, E, F#, G#, Bb, C
E Whole Tone: E, F#, G#, Bb, C, D
F# Whole Tone: F#, G#, Bb, C, D, E
G# Whole Tone: G#, Bb, C, D, E, F#
Bb Whole Tone: Bb, C, D, E, F#, G#
C, D, E, F#, G#, Bb Whole Tone have the same notes. We could say that these six scales have the same sort of "key." Twelve tones divided by six equals two so there are basically only two Whole Tone Scales.
The Diminished Scale goes with the Diminished Chord or Dim7. The Auxiliary Diminished Scale (also called the Double Diminished Scale) goes with 7b9 and 7#9 chords. The Whole Tone Scale goes with 7#5 or Augmented (+) Chords.
Practice these scales starting from any note on your bass. You will notice that the intervals in the Dminished Scale are constant: Whole step, half step, whole step, half step, etc. The Auxiliary Scale is just the opposite: Half step, whole step, half step, whole step, etc. The Whole Tone Scale, as its name indicates, is composed only of whole steps, making the playing of the pattern positions really simple as you can see on the position examples.